編譯：暖通空調 三石

　　日前，聯(lián)合國環(huán)境署（UNEP）出臺了兩本指南，幫助第五條款國家進行HCFC制冷劑的淘汰。根據蒙特利爾議定書，第五條款國家應在2013年1月1日凍結HCFC生產和消費（以2009年和2010年平均水平為基礎），于2015年1月1日起削減10%。

　　兩本指南是：

　　《制冷空調維修行業(yè)HCFCs淘汰》：幫助各國臭氧層保護部門和培訓機構為制冷空調設備維修技術人員制定相應的HCFC淘汰培訓課程。

　　《中小型泡沫企業(yè)的HCFCs淘汰》：正如書名所指出的，適用于在制冷空調和其他行業(yè)中使用HCFCs進行發(fā)泡的制造商。

　　維修指南

　　在長達188頁的指南中指出，正確的維修操作不僅有利于各國完成他們的HCFC淘汰任務，而且通過減少排放和提高能效等措施保護了環(huán)境。

　　同時，指南還提出了針對技術人員的通用培訓方法，以及亞太地區(qū)制冷和空調培訓人員的一手經驗。尤其是，它詳細介紹了在進行可燃制冷劑空調安裝時的安全措施。針對不同的制冷劑泄漏原因，指南解釋了通過工具、設備正確安裝和提高焊接技能等方式減少系統(tǒng)的泄漏。

　　為減少ODS物質的使用，指南提出了在使用諸如碳氫、氨、CO₂和HFCs等低GWP值制冷劑的安全建議。

　　泡沫行業(yè)

　　經過近十年的發(fā)展，今天的發(fā)泡行業(yè)已經擁有了不同種類的產品，從建筑保溫材料到美發(fā)教學模型，以及汽車和家具配件。當然，一些泡沫并不是利用HCFCs生產，但包括聚氨酯泡沫、擠壓聚苯板以及其他聚烯烴泡沫仍使用HCFCs。在亞太地區(qū)，泡沫行業(yè)是主要的HCFC消費者之一。

　　長達72頁的《中小型泡沫企業(yè)的HFCFs淘汰》指南將幫助政府和企業(yè)，尤其是中小型企業(yè)，更好地理解針對不同泡沫產品的HCFC淘汰政策和替代技術。

　　編譯自：www.coolingpost.com

原文如下：

UNEP produces HCFC phase-out guides

　　KENYA: UNEP has produced two guides to assist article 5 countries in their phase-out of HCFC refrigerants.

　　Article 5 countries were obliged to freeze baseline consumptions (2009–2010 average) by 1 January 2013 and achieve a 10% reduction in consumption by 1 January 2015.

　　Good Servicing Practices: Phasing out HCFCs in the Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Servicing Sector, was developed to help National Ozone Units and training institutions create HCFC phase-out training sessions for refrigeration servicing technicians.

　　Its companion guide Phasing-out HCFCs in Small and Medium-sized Foam Enterprises is, as the title suggests, aimed at manufacturers currently using HCFCs in the refrigeration, air-conditioning and other foam sectors.

　　Service guide

　　The comprehensive 188-page guide, Good Servicing Practices: Phasing out HCFCs in the Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Servicing Sector, illustrates how good servicing practices not only help countries meet their HCFC phase-out obligations, but also benefit the climate by reducing emissions and increasing energy efficiency.

　　It also provides a harmonised approach to training methodologies for technician workshops, developed using the first-hand experiences of refrigeration and air conditioning trainers in the Asia-Pacific region.

　　Significantly, it also details ways to address safety concerns when installing small air conditioners that use flammable alternative refrigerants.

　　Pointing out the varied causes of refrigerant leaks, the guide explains how to reduce system leakage by using tools and equipment properly and improving brazing skills.

　　In the move away from ozone depleting substances, the guide gives advice on safely using low-GWP refrigerants such as hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide and HFCs.

　　Good Servicing Practices can be viewed and downloaded here.

　　Foam sector

　　Developed in recent decades, foam is used today in a variety of products ranging from thermal insulation material for buildings to model heads for teaching hairdressing, as well as automotive/furniture accessories.

　　While some foams are not manufactured with HCFCs, most of them — including polyurethane foam, extrusion polystyrene board and other polyolefin foam — still are. The foam sector is one of the major HCFC consuming sectors in the Asia-Pacific region.

　　The 72-page brochure Phasing-out HCFCs in Small and Medium-sized Foam Enterprises is designed to help governments and industry, especially SMEs, in better understanding the policies on HCFC phase-out and the alternative technologies for the different foam products.

　　The guide looks at alternative technologies and provides a number of case studies. It can be viewed and downloaded here.

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