57C417A
PLC采用循環(huán)掃描的工作方式,在PLC中用戶程序按先后順序存放,CPU從{dy}條指令開始執(zhí)行程序,直到遇到結(jié)束符后又返回{dy}條,如此周而復(fù)始不斷循環(huán)。PLC的掃描過程分為內(nèi)部處理、通信操作、程序輸入處理、程序執(zhí)行、程序輸出幾個(gè)階段。全過程掃描一次所需的時(shí)間稱為掃描周期。當(dāng)PLC處于停狀態(tài)時(shí),只進(jìn)行內(nèi)部處理和通信操作服務(wù)等內(nèi)容。在PLC處于運(yùn)行狀態(tài)時(shí),從內(nèi)部處理、通信操作、程序輸入、程序執(zhí)行、程序輸出,一直循環(huán)掃描工作。
1.輸入處理
輸入處理也叫輸入采樣。在此階段,順序讀入所有輸入端子的通端狀態(tài),并將讀入的信息存入內(nèi)存中所對應(yīng)的映象寄存器。在此輸入映象寄存器被刷新。接著進(jìn)入程序執(zhí)行階段。在程序執(zhí)行時(shí),輸入映象寄存器與外界隔離,即使輸入信號(hào)發(fā)生變化,其映象寄存器的內(nèi)容也不會(huì)發(fā)生變化,只有在下一個(gè)掃描周期的輸入處理階段才能被讀入信息。
2.程序執(zhí)行
根據(jù)PLC梯形圖程序掃描原則,按先左后右先上后下的步序,逐句掃描,執(zhí)行程序。遇到程序跳轉(zhuǎn)指令,根據(jù)跳轉(zhuǎn)條件是否滿足來決定程序的跳轉(zhuǎn)地址。從用戶程序涉及到輸入輸出狀態(tài)時(shí),PLC從輸入映象寄存器中讀出上一階段采入的對應(yīng)輸入端子狀態(tài),從輸出映象寄存器讀出對應(yīng)映象寄存器,根據(jù)用戶程序進(jìn)行邏輯運(yùn)算,存入有關(guān)器件寄存器中。對每個(gè)器件來說,器件映象寄存器中所寄存的內(nèi)容,會(huì)隨著程序執(zhí)行過程而變化。
3.輸出處理
程序執(zhí)行完畢后,將輸出映象寄存器,即器件映象寄存器中的Y寄存器的狀態(tài),在輸出處理階段轉(zhuǎn)存到輸出鎖存器,通過隔離電路,驅(qū)動(dòng)功率放大電路,使輸出端子向外界輸出控制信號(hào),驅(qū)動(dòng)外部負(fù)載。
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